One in five young adults say they use alcohol or cannabis to help them fall asleep, according to a new study published in JAMA Pediatrics. Researchers found that while both substances can make it easier to fall asleep initially, regular use may build tolerance, worsen sleep problems and increase the risk of developing a substance use disorder.
The researchers analyzed data from the 2022–2023 Monitoring the Future Panel Study, which included 1,473 participants between ages 19 and 30. They found that 18% used cannabis to help them fall asleep, while 7% used alcohol. Among those who had used cannabis in the past year, about two in five said they used it for sleep, compared with 9% of people who reported drinking alcohol in the past year. Participants who used either substance daily or nearly every day were more likely to rely on it for sleep.
The study also found that females and those identifying as nonbinary, transgender, or another gender identity were more likely than males to use cannabis for sleep. Meanwhile, Black participants were more likely than White participants to use alcohol as a sleep aid.
Study authors said doctors should be aware of the connection between sleep issues and substance use among young adults. More screening and targeted interventions could help address the health risks.
Insomnia is a common issue among young adults, with some surveys showing that up to 29% of those ages 18 to 24 experience insomnia every night. Another study found that nearly half of young adults report chronic insomnia symptoms. Women tend to report higher rates of insomnia, and estimates vary depending on how the condition is defined.
